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"More Terra Preta from Erich Knight"

I thought the current news and links on Terra Preta soils and closed-loop pyrolysis would interest you

SCIAM Article May 15 07;

http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=5670236C-E7F2-99DF-3E2163B9FB144E40

After many years of reviewing solutions to anthropogenic global warming (AGW) I believe this technology can manage Carbon for the greatest collective benefit at the lowest economic price, on vast scales. It just needs to be seen by ethical globally minded companies.

Could you please consider looking for a champion for this orphaned Terra Preta Carbon Soil Technology.

The main hurtle now is to change the current perspective held by the IPCC that the soil carbon cycle is a wash, to one in which soil can be used as a massive and ubiquitous Carbon sink via Charcoal. Below are the first concrete steps in that direction;

S.1884 – The Salazar Harvesting Energy Act of 2007

A Summary of Biochar Provisions in S.1884:

Carbon-Negative Biomass Energy and Soil Quality Initiative

for the 2007 Farm Bill

http://www.biochar-international.org/newinformationevents/newlegislation.html

Tackling Climate Change in the U.S.

Potential Carbon Emissions Reductions from Biomass by 2030by Ralph P. Overend, Ph.D. and Anelia Milbrandt
National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Media Partner Logos

The organization 25×25 (see 25x’25 – Home) released it’s (first-ever, 55-page )”Action Plan” ; see; http://www.25×25.org/storage/25×25/documents/IP%20Documents/ActionPlanFinalWEB_04-19-07.pdf
On page 29 , as one of four foci for recommended RD&D, the plan lists: “The development of biochar, animal agriculture residues and other non-fossil fuel based fertilizers, toward the end of integrating energy production with enhanced soil quality and carbon sequestration.”
and on p 32, recommended as part of an expanded database aspect of infrastructure: “Information on the application of carbon as fertilizer and existing carbon credit trading systems.”

I feel 25×25 is now the premier US advocacy organization for all forms of renewable energy, but way out in front on biomass topics.

There are 24 billion tons of carbon controlled by man in his agriculture and waste stream, all that farm & cellulose waste which is now dumped to rot or digested or combusted and ultimately returned to the atmosphere as GHG should be returned to the Soil.

Even with all the big corporations coming to the GHG negotiation table, like Exxon, Alcoa, .etc, we still need to keep watch as the Democrats/Enviromentalist try to influence how carbon management is legislated in the USA. Carbon must have a fair price, that fair price and the changes in the view of how the soil carbon cycle now can be used as a massive sink verses it now being viewed as a wash, will be of particular value to farmers and a global cool breath of fresh air for us all.

If you have any other questions please feel free to call me or visit the TP web site I’ve been drafted to co-administer. http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/?q=node

It has been immensely gratifying to see all the major players join the mail list , Cornell folks, T. Beer of Kings Ford Charcoal (Clorox), Novozyne the M-Roots guys(fungus), chemical engineers, Dr. Danny Day of EPRIDA , Dr. Antal of U. of H., Virginia Tech folks and probably many others who’s back round I don’t know have joined.

Also Here is the Latest BIG Terra Preta Soil news;

The Honolulu Advertiser: “The nation’s leading manufacturer of charcoal has licensed a University of Hawai’i process for turning green waste into barbecue briquets.”

About a year ago I got Clorox interested in TP soils and Dr. Antal’s Plasma Carbonazation process.

See: http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007707280348

ConocoPhillips Establishes $22.5 Million Pyrolysis Program at Iowa State 04/10/07

Here is my current Terra Preta posting which condenses the most important stories and links;

Terra Preta Soils Technology To Master the Carbon Cycle

Man has been controlling the carbon cycle , and there for the weather, since the invention of agriculture, all be it was as unintentional, as our current airliner contrails are in affecting global dimming. This unintentional warm stability in climate has over 10,000 years, allowed us to develop to the point that now we know what we did,………… and that now……… we are over doing it.

The prehistoric and historic records gives a logical thrust for soil carbon sequestration.
I wonder what the soil biome carbon concentration was REALLY like before the cutting and burning of the world’s forest, my guess is that now we see a severely diminished community, and that only very recent Ag practices like no-till and reforestation have started to help rebuild it. It makes implementing Terra Preta soil technology like an act of penitence, a returning of the misplaced carbon to where it belongs.

On the Scale of CO2 remediation:

It is my understanding that atmospheric CO2 stands at 379 PPM, to stabilize the climate we need to reduce it to 350 PPM by the removal of 230 Billion tons of carbon.

The best estimates I’ve found are that the total loss of forest and soil carbon (combined
pre-industrial and industrial) has been about 200-240 billion tons. Of
that, the soils are estimated to account for about 1/3, and the vegetation
the other 2/3.

Since man controls 24 billion tons in his agriculture then it seems we have plenty to work with in sequestering our fossil fuel CO2 emissions as stable charcoal in the soil.

As Dr. Lehmann at Cornell points out, “Closed-Loop Pyrolysis systems such as Dr. Danny Day’s are the only way to make a fuel that is actually carbon negative”. and that ” a strategy combining biochar with biofuels could ultimately offset 9.5 billion tons of carbon per year-an amount equal to the total current fossil fuel emissions! ”

Terra Preta Soils Carbon Negative Bio fuels, massive Carbon sequestration, 1/3 Lower CH4 & N2O soil emissions, and 3X FertilityToo

This some what orphaned new soil technology speaks to so many different interests and disciplines that it has not been embraced fully by any. I’m sure you will see both the potential of this system and the convergence needed for it’s implementation.

The integrated energy strategy offered by Charcoal based Terra Preta Soil technology may
provide the only path to sustain our agricultural and fossil fueled power
structure without climate degradation, other than nuclear power.

The economics look good, and truly great if we had CO2 cap & trade or a Carbon tax in place.

.Nature article, Aug 06: Putting the carbon back Black is the new green:
http://bestenergies.com/downloads/naturemag_200604.pdf

Here’s the Cornell page for an over view:
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/lehmann/biochar/Biochar_home.htm

University of Beyreuth TP Program, Germany http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/?q=taxonomy/term/118

This Earth Science Forum thread on these soils contains further links, and has been viewed by 19,000 self-selected folks. ( I post everything I find on Amazon Dark Soils, ADS here):
http://forums.hypography.com/earth-science/3451-terra-preta.html

There is an ecology going on in these soils that is not completely understood, and if replicated and applied at scale would have multiple benefits for farmers and environmentalist.

Terra Preta creates a terrestrial carbon reef at a microscopic level. These nanoscale structures provide safe haven to the microbes and fungus that facilitate fertile soil creation, while sequestering carbon for many hundred if not thousands of years. The combination of these two forms of sequestration would also increase the growth rate and natural sequestration effort of growing plants.

Glomalin, the recently discovered soil protien, may be the secret to to TP soils productivity http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2003/030205.htm

The reason TP has elicited such interest on the Agricultural/horticultural side of it’s benefits is this one static:

One gram of charcoal cooked to 650 C Has a surface area of 400 m2 (for soil microbes & fungus to live on), now for conversion fun:

One ton of charcoal has a surface area of 400,000 Acres!! which is equal to 625 square miles!! Rockingham Co. VA. , where I live, is only 851 Sq. miles

Now at a middle of the road application rate of 2 lbs/sq ft (which equals 1000 sqft/ton) or 43 tons/acre yields 26,000 Sq miles of surface area per Acre. VA is 39,594 Sq miles.

What this suggest to me is a potential of sequestering virgin forest amounts of carbon just in the soil alone, without counting the forest on top.

To take just one fairly representative example, in the classic Rothampstead experiments in England where arable land was allowed to revert to deciduous temperate woodland, soil organic carbon increased 300-400% from around 20 t/ha to 60-80 t/ha (or about 20-40 tons per acre) in less than a century (Jenkinson & Rayner 1977). The rapidity with which organic carbon can build up in soils is also indicated by examples of buried steppe soils formed during short-lived interstadial phases in Russia and Ukraine. Even though such warm, relatively moist phases usually lasted only a few hundred years, and started out from the skeletal loess desert/semi-desert soils of glacial conditions (with which they are inter-leaved), these buried steppe soils have all the rich organic content of a present-day chernozem soil that has had many thousands of years to build up its carbon (E. Zelikson, Russian Academy of Sciences, pers. comm., May 1994). http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projects/qen/carbon1.html

All the Bio-Char Companies and equipment manufactures I’ve found:

Carbon Diversion
http://www.carbondiversion.com/

Eprida: Sustainable Solutions for Global Concerns
http://www.eprida.com/home/index.php4

BEST Pyrolysis, Inc. | Slow Pyrolysis – Biomass – Clean Energy – Renewable Ene
http://www.bestenergies.com/companies/bestpyrolysis.html

Dynamotive Energy Systems | The Evolution of Energy
http://www.dynamotive.com/

Ensyn – Environmentally Friendly Energy and Chemicals
http://www.ensyn.com/who/ensyn.htm

Agri-Therm, developing bio oils from agricultural waste
http://www.agri-therm.com/

Advanced BioRefinery Inc.

Home

Technology Review: Turning Slash into Cash
http://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/17298/

The International Agrichar Initiative (IAI) conference held at Terrigal, NSW, Australia in 2007. ( http://iaiconference.org/home.html ) ( The papers from this conference are now being posted at their home page)
.

If pre-Columbian Kayopo Indians could produce these soils up to 6 feet deep over 15% of the Amazon basin using “Slash & CHAR” verses “Slash & Burn”, it seems that our energy and agricultural industries could also product them at scale.

Harnessing the work of this vast number of microbes and fungi changes the whole equation of energy return over energy input (EROEI) for food and Bio fuels. I see this as the only sustainable agricultural strategy if we no longer have cheap fossil fuels for fertilizer.

We need this super community of wee beasties to work in concert with us by populating them into their proper Soil horizon Carbon Condos.

Erich J. Knight
Shenandoah Gardens
1047 Dave Berry Rd.
McGaheysville, VA. 22840
(540) 289-9750
shengar@aol.com

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Terra Preta — Soil and Solutions from the Gods (?)

What are these super rich, fertile and long lasting mystery soils of South America? Here is a little background; their name is “Terra Preta do Indio” (Amazonian Dark Earths or Indian Black Earth). Named for their very dark color, they were discovered by the white guys during the late 1800’s. The theory is that they may have been created by pre- Columbian Indians 500 to 2500 years ago (a very wide range for any theory).
Another theory was that (TP) was naturally formed from some event related to the Andes volcanoes or a formation created by pond or lake sedimentation. All of these theories are conflicting and leave open the possibilities for new discussions.

These soils have an amazingly high organic matter content, with high levels of black carbon-charcoal in the mix (which may be the key). Terra Preta have very short fallow times, 6 months or less, (the fallow time is needed only because of the weed infestation- super fertile soil grows great weeds). Normal soil takes 8 to 10 years to naturally rejuvenate, without negative additives. It has been reported that these soils (TP) can be under continuous cultivation for at least 40 years, unheard of in the normal agricultural world. Terra Preta would be considered organic farming with no soil additives; the need for pesticides would have to be considered for the final classification (organic or conventional).

Now can these Dark Earths be a factor to reducing global warming? Maybe. The earth’s soil contains a large percentage of the carbon reserves in the world, but most soils are unstable and slowly release their carbon into the atmosphere and add to the CO2 and to the problem. But it seems the (TP) soils are very stable and hold the carbon in the soil and don’t release it into the atmosphere (or at least releases it very, very slowly). Can we create more of this (TP) and cover our farmlands with it?

Was TP a wonderful soil management project of the Ancients or a gift from the GODS (friendly Alien beings)? If so, of course this may have cost the indigenous folks a few sacrifices (Blood for Food Program), not much different for our present Blood/Oil for Food program.

Lastly, can we duplicate the process to make this (TP) soil without paying direct tribute to our Alien friends? Blood is not a just tribute in a moral world.

Sleep Tight – your Government is watching over you.

MWiz.

PS- I encourage you to do further study of (TP) on the Web.

terra-preta.jpg

The Lush World of (TP)

terra-preta-2.jpg
Deep and Rich….

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Mr. Cruise and his Alien Bunker ( part 1 and only part 1)

I had to pause on my “Is it all True” series and weigh in on this Tom Cruise Bunker thing. First a little background, Tom, who is a devout follower of Scientology, is planning to build a $10 million dollar underground bunker to save him and his family from an Alien invasion.

Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard claimed that billions of extra- terrestrial beings were sent to earth, and Xenu, the ET ruler, destroyed them with a Hydrogen bomb surrounded by volcanoes ( a strange setting- a little hell on earth) . Their souls (I am not sure they have any) attached to some of us humans (the chosen ones) and one day will be saved. I have always distrusted that “chosen ones” stuff, that old religious dogma.

I am obviously very open-minded since I have been in the UFO/Alien world for over 40 years. Yes, I have some beliefs about bad aliens, and I have great concerns for the survival (as we know it) of the Human Race. Through hybridization and other alien programs, they are using us and changing us. So maybe we (Tom, L. Ron and I) have some common ground on this alien being issue.

But I have some real concerns about Tom wasting his 10 Million; first Tom is building this bunker under his Telluride, CO mansion, not the best location in the world. Telluride is 80 miles as the crow flies from the infamous Dulce underground base. This very well may contain hundreds, if not thousands, of Greys and Reptilian beings doing their abductions and other not-so-happy experiments.

Tom, the Aliens have probably been living underground for thousands of years, so going underground may not be the safest place. My experience and knowledge suggests they can get you if they want you -wherever.

Now another possibility is that Tom is planning to connect his home via tunnel with Dulce- to do what- I don’t know- or just maybe to destroy the Alien Base. Tom might be so deep into Scientology that he may believe he is Xenu reincarnated and here to save us from the “War of the Worlds”.

This is so crazy that it just may be true — OR?

Enjoy the Journey

MWiz.

tom-xenu-and-family.jpgtoms-space-plane.jpg

Their Space Plane.

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Richard Sauder PhD – His view Underground Bases 4

Bill Hamilton speaks , on the American Nazi Grab,– Project Paper-Clip. And bases run by DOD, and DOE ( Gov. Richardson must be in the mix somewheres ). A tube train moving at 5000 mph. Maybe one from LA to NYC – with mid-station Dallas — BIG vacuum Tube — Also major size underground cities in Russia.– Prepping for a Big Event, and finally the Taos Hum.

Enjoy — Keep your socks up.

MWiz.

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Weapons against them – “Is it all True?”-Part 3

Well it looks like the non-human beings, who may want to do harm to us, are vulnerable to our conventional weapons – as long as we get a square shot at them. That’s what I hear, anyways, but it is hard at times to shoot alien beings who may be able to move into another dimension or at least through a wall. And they (the non-human beings) have beam weapons/ flash guns, which are powerful and deadly at short range.

Our government has been developing weapons for the last 35 years or so to defend our territory from the underground hordes. Here are some of the weapons projects to solve the problem.

1. Joshua- low frequency pulse-generating weapon, which can level structures 2 miles away. Developed in California and tested in New Mexico.

2. Gabriel – a high-pulsed sound-generating device. It seems to be effective against alien craft and their weapons. (Maybe responsible for some alien-ship crashes in the past.)

3. Excalibur – used to destroy underground bases. It is a missile system that is a penetrating weapon. A missile that can drill down 1,000 feet or more and with its nuclear warhead can do some major damage.

Remember the Bunker-Buster we used in Iraq -in the SHOCK and AWE Thriller. That was probably the live test for an Excalibur type weapon system. And lets not forget SDS (Star Wars Defense Systems). Where has it gone? It is still there, it has some issues and the Alien Beings are really pissed about it.

I am not 100% sure there are underground bases loaded with crazed, blood-thirsty, big- eyed alien beings, but the U.S. has been developing weapons that would match this strange and maybe real threat.

Keep your eyes and ears open for bigger and more powerful weapons. I believe there is more on the horizon, from the Russians, for they are possibly fighting the same battle as we are – see my posting “Russian Roswell” from August 15th.

Sleep tight and soundly — our government has you covered. –Or NOT.

MWiz.

excalibur.jpg

Excalibur – Super Weapon.

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Richard Sauder PhD – His view Underground Bases 2


This comes from You tube via a Coast to Coast segment with our friend George. Richard meets up with a couple of cool guys by the names of John Lear and Bill Steinman. They talk about a guy named Thomas a security guard (Head) of the infamous underground base named Dulce (meaning in Spanish –sweet , in this case but not so sweet. Dulce base hundreds of feet underground , its entrance 125 miles south at Los Alamos, yes the underground shuttle -runs.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7W3FltFSds

Enjoy MWiz.

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Hi Fructose Corn Syrup — Human or Alien.

As our site’s Mission Statement said – we would do some postings in the health science field, so here is an interesting one.

In our overweight America the obesity rate has doubled during the last 25 + years. Wow- what is going on? It may very well be these four words, High Fructose Corn Syrup. It was developed in the early 80’s. This super sweet, super cheap product is the golden child of the Ag Industry (Agriculture Corp World). Besides being sweet, it is cheaper than common sugar and can easily mix into many products, extending shelf life, and helping prevent freezer burn. Unfortunately the losers are the consumers and anyone who wants to be fit and healthy. This sugar is in a high percentage of processed foods. It is heavily in soft drinks, baked goods, jelly syrups, fruit drinks, and most desserts. Besides adding huge amounts of sugar and calories to the products, this high sudden shot of fructose, disrupts our metabolism and makes us gain weight. It puts the liver into mission impossible mode and forces it to throw out high levels of fat into the bloodstream (triglycerides), not happy stuff for the heart or the arteries. And to top it off, HFCSs drive our bodies to want more; we become “addicts”. You can’t eat just one Oreo.

Also other studies on diet and women have stated high carbs and high fructose increase colorectal cancer, and pumping kids with fructose drinks can straight out make them sick, besides fat. And when you thought it can’t get worse, overloading the intestines with HFCS can cause cramps, bloating and the famous loose stools. Personally, I used to notice when I ate too much of the stuff all of the glands in my upper body were swollen for several days.

In conclusion, DO NOT EAT the stuff– your body knows; it is screaming STOP. You know we have talked about ALIEN mind control–implants, etc. Maybe now, body-control- it would be a wonderful way for them to sweeten and fatten us up for the slaughter.

MWiz.

alien-pie.gif

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Richard Sauder PhD – His view Underground Bases 1

With my recent postings on Phil Schneider and Bill Cooper and my reading of the Dulce Book , maybe we should look down instead of up. Richard brings some academic power to the scene so lets listen to his take of this potential amazing subject. After his initial research , a voice came into Richards mind, the voice said ” underground bases are for real “, so he jumped in full blast, and you will see the results.

I will do comments as we go ,also I had a voice come into my mind- 40 years ago – It said reality isn’t what it seems — I never forgot those 10 seconds — the most profound and most truthful in my life.

Enjoy MWiz.

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Connecting Forces- Part 1– By Liz

It wasn’t until Christmas 1977 that I would be confronted with something that couldn’t be denied or explained away. A simple answer would have been if it was only a onetime event, but instead it would be three, back to back, within a seven-month period that would leave others and myself without answers.
It all started with seeing a light, low to the horizon, pacing the vehicle I was in. The others in the vehicle did not take notice of this event, because they were too busy catching up on the past. But as I sat in the seat looking out into the night sky I saw it follow us for about seven miles. At first I thought it might be lights from a plane, but it then zipped across the sky in less than a second to disappear hundreds of miles in the distance. This was December 26, 1977 and it was no plane.
Then in and around March or April 1978 I was traveling along the same route with family. My mom was more attentive to the traffic and my sisters than what was happening in the sky around us. The sun was still up when we were returning home and this is when I saw a silver disc in almost the exact same spot. This object flew low to the horizon, not far from the car as before, and it kept pace with us for about five miles this time. Again out of the blue it flew off into the distance disappearing out of sight. All within less than a second or a blink of the eye as it might be said.
The final occurrence would be during the summer in either June or July 1978. My
Grandmother was visiting our new home. We had moved to Moriarty, which is located in central New Mexico in January 1978. My mom was excited to share the local places she had come to know over the past few months. We were in the mountains enjoying a dinner at a local restaurant. Just as we had finished our meal, and were on the way out to the car my mom decided she wanted to take the scenic route home instead of the way we came.
The scenic route, as it was called, added another two hours onto the trip. The route would wrap us up Highway 14 to the Interstate 25, just west of Santa Fe. Then on Interstate 25 we would travel another fifteen miles at which time we would turn off on Highway 285 heading back south. From there we had another seven miles until we took the final turn down Highway 41 bringing us within thirty miles of our house.
The entire trip was about as boring as possible when my Grandmother’s attention was focused on a light in the distance. She had been watching it for a few minutes and alerted my mom. My mom decided after she watched it for a few seconds that it had to be a prison break since it was coming from the area of the State Pen, which was an area we were just at. But that theory went out the door after the light did what it did next.
The light moved to the north, slow and methodically. It went into a cloud disappearing out of sight, but when it went in the cloud, the cloud itself lit up as if it were day. By this time at night it was pitch black other than some stars, a crescent moon, and the lights from Santa Fe, none of which were enough to make it seem like daylight, which was what was happening. As the cloud lit up my mother and grandmother believed it must be lightening, but it didn’t go dark for a couple of minutes and they could not explain what was happening, again another theory out the window.
Soon the light came back out of the cloud and the cloud went dark again. You couldn’t distinguish its shape anymore. This is when the light begins to slowly move south until it was directly west of where we were. Since we were at this time traveling west it stood still. When my mom veered south it began to pace the car keeping even with us staying just to the west low in the horizon, but high enough to skim the top of the Ortiz Mountains.
Soon we climbed the ridge to the upper portion of the valley, which Moriarty sits in. This is when the light begins to come toward us and yet kept pace with the car. Now alarmed my mom hits the gas trying to get us home. As we sped up it sped up. When it made this movement it would come within a few miles of us and then it would pull back to its original position. It did this zigzagging for the rest of the trip home, about seventeen miles. The unique thing was it always stayed the same distance away whether it was coming toward or going away from us.
As we pull into the driveway of our home the light was still visible to us, and was now sitting still. It was just below the top of the Sandia Mountains. Located closely to an area called Edgewood. My mom rushed everyone into the house. I run to the kitchen window to see if I can get another glimpse of it. It was still there and I watched it for a minute when I heard my mom yell at me to go to my room. It was in that moment the light went out, just like the lights in the house might do. I spent that night wondering what it might be and how it was connected to other ones I had seen before. What I didn’t know was these events would be in connection to someone who I would soon meet that would forever change my life.

Liz